T细胞抗原受体的结构与功能研究进展

Structural and Functional Studies of T Cell Receptor

T细胞抗原受体(T ceIl receptor,TCR)是T细胞表面关键的受体分子。TCR特异性地识别各种多肽抗原并通过胞内区ITAM磷酸化传递抗原刺激信号,进而引发T细胞的免疫效应。TCR的活性异常将会导致自身免疫病和免疫缺陷病的发生。对于TCR结构和功能的深入研究有助于我们更好地理解免疫反应的分子机理,从而为相关免疫疾病的预防和治疗提供重要的理论依据。该文对TCR的分类、基因重排机制、受体组装方式及其结构基础、TCR对抗原的识别以及活化机制等方面的研究成果进行了总结,综述了近几年来的最新研究进展。

T cell receptor （TCR） is a critical immunoreceptor expressed on the T cell surface, which specifically recognizes peptide antigen-MHC （pMHC） complex and triggers T cell immune responses. Abnormal TCR function will cause autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. Unveiling TCR structure and function will help us to un- derstand the molecular basis for immune response and might lead to better design of clinical therapies for T cell related human diseases. In this paper, we reviewed recent studies on TCR structure and function, including TCR classification, gene rearrangement, receptor assembly and structure, antigen recognition and activation mechanism.