单克隆抗体药物与血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗

Monoclonal Antibody Drugs for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies

单克隆抗体凭借其特异性强、副作用较小的优点,越来越广泛地应用于疾病的诊断与治疗。单克隆抗体药物在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中也发挥了重要作用。目前,经美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的单克隆抗体药物已有六种,在临床取得良好的治疗效果。单克隆抗体药物主要通过对肿瘤细胞的直接杀伤作用、抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性反应(ADCC)、补体依赖性细胞毒性反应(CDC)和改变信号通路等机制达到治疗肿瘤的效果。另外,将单克隆抗体与放射性核素、化疗药物和毒素等偶联,用于肿瘤等疾病的靶向治疗研究,成为生物治疗领域的热点。该文对近年来国际上用于血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗的单克隆抗体药物进行了概括和总结,讨论了治疗性单克隆抗体药物存在的问题和应用前景。

Monoclonal antibodies with its high specificity and less side effects, are widely used in disease diagnosis and treatment. Monoclonal antibody drugs have also played an important role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Currently, six monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Admin- istration （FDA） for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, and received good clinical responses. Monoclonal antibody drugs mainly achieve the effectiveness of treatment through the mechanisms of the direct killing tumor cells, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity （ADCC）, complement dependent cytotoxicity （CDC） and the interference in signaling pathways. In addition, monoclonal antibodies conjugated with radioisotopes, chemothera- peutic drugs or toxins, were used for targeted therapy of cancers and other diseases, which has become a hot spot in biological therapy. In this article, the structures and functions of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for hematological malignancies in recent years were summarized, and the problems and prospectives of therapeutic monoclonal antibody drugs were discussed.