政府R&D补贴对国家及区域自主创新产出影响绩效研究——基于中国28个省域面板数据的实证分析

The Impact of Government R&D Subsidy on the Performance of National and Regional Independent Innovations

本文基于国家和区域自主创新投入产出的视角实证考察了政府R&D补贴投入对我国自主创新产出的影响绩效。研究结论表明:(1)我国政府创新R&D补贴投入政策对提高国家及区域自主创新产出有十分显著的影响,且通过对专利产出与高技术产业增加值创新产出指标弹性系数比较分析,发现我国对专利产出R&D投入为规模报酬递减,对高技术产业增加值为规模报酬递增;(2)我国政府创新R&D补贴投入对经济相对发达地区和科研基础较好地区(如湖北高校、科研院所较多)自主创新产出影响的弹性系数整体上明显大于经济相对落后地区。这说明我国政府R&D补贴投入对经济相对发达地区和科研基础较好地区自主创新产出影响绩效要高于经济相对落后地区,其中我国上海、北京、江苏、浙江、广东、山东和湖北等地创新绩效较高。山西、新疆、甘肃、青海、广西和四川等地创新绩效较低。

Our paper examines the impact of government R＆D subsidy on innovation performance, and investigates the input-output performance of independent innovation in China. Development levels in China are not fairly distributed across regions. The input-out performance varies with regions. In order to know the performance difference in regions, the goal of the study is to provide insights on the regional differences in performance from both national and regional perspectives. We collect data from 28 different provinces in China. We propose an input-output model for innovation performance based on Griliehes R＆D and productivity model. We use invention patent and the added value of high-tech industry as measures of innovation output. These measures allow us to estimate the relationships between R＆D input and output. Our empirical results suggest that government R＆D input and output are positively correlated. Hence, increasing government R＆D input can lead to increased innovation output. Coefficients used to measure the impact of government R＆D input on the independent innovation are significant at national and regional levels. We also compare the output elasticity of patent innovation with that of added value in the high-tech industry. The comparison indicates that the patent output of R＆D input has a decreasing return of scale, whereas the added value of high-tech industry has an increasing return of scale. We also find that the elasticity coefficient of government R＆D input on innovation in relatively developed regions or areas （ e. g. Hubei） are significantly greatly than that in less developed regions. Universities and research institutions are often available in the developed regions in China. This finding indicates that relatively developed regions have better innovation performance than poorly developed regions in China. For instance, Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shandong and Hubei are located in developed regions and have higher innovation performance than Shanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Siehuan, Guangxi that are located in less developed regions.