跨流域调水生态补偿机制探讨

Ecological Compensation Mechanism on Inter-Basin Water Transfer

跨流域调水工程已经成为解决我国缺水地区水问题的重要手段之一,而由跨流域调水引发的生态补偿问题是制约调水工程社会、经济效益发挥的关键因素。目前跨流域调水生态补偿机制设计主要是沿用流域内生态补偿的一般理论与方法,导致跨流域调水生态补偿主体缺失、补偿对象不全面、补偿标准不合理、补偿方式单一,极大地限制了跨流域生态补偿实践的开展。通过比较分析流域内生态调水与跨流域调水在受工程影响、水权转移形式、涉及的利益主体关系、生态补偿主导部门、生态补偿核算标准等方面的特征,提出了以区域水权为理论基础,以生态补偿客体、补偿标准、补偿形式以及补偿保障体系为主要内容的跨流域调水生态补偿机制框架。

The inter-basin water transfer is one of the most important methods of solving water problem in water shortage regions of our country.Nevertheless,the ecological compensation,which derived from the inter-basin water transfer,is the key factor that could restrict the economic and social benefit of the water transfer project.Nowadays,when we design the mechanism of ecological compensation in inter-basin water transfer,the main adoption of general theories and methods applied in the field of inner basin leads to series problems,such as： the absence of compensation subject,incompleteness of compensation objects,irrational compensation standards,and simplicity of compensation methods.These problems greatly limit the practice of ecological compensation in inter-basin water transfer.In this paper,we have compared the different features of ecological compensation between inner-basin water conservation and inter-basin water transfer in the aspects of impacts of projects,the forms of water rights transfer,relationship of stakeholders,management departments and evaluation standards.Then,from the perspective of regional water rights,we put forward a mechanism framework of ecological compensation in inter-basin water transfer,which includes objects,standards,method and guarantee system of ecological compensation.