汉英移动事件移动主体和参照物语言表达对比

A contrastive study of the grammatical realization of figure and ground in motion events between Chinese and English

本文在Talmy移动事件框架理论的基础上,探讨移动事件中移动主体和参照物语言表达的一般原则,即"移动主体优先于参照物",并对比汉英移动主体和参照物语言表达形式的共性与差异。分析表明,汉英语言表达基本都遵循"移动主体优先于参照物"这一认知原则。但由于汉英之间不同的概念显现原则和句法组织特点,汉英移动主体和参照物的具体语言表达存在部分差异。另外,受不同认知视角影响,汉英语言表达中也存在少数违背"移动主体优先于参照物"原则的情形。汉英违背此原则的情形都需要一定的限制条件,即移动主体是不定指的人或事物。

On the theoretical basis of Talmy's motion events framework,this paper discusses the 'Figure-over-Ground' principle—a general principle for the grammatical realization of Figure and Ground in motion events and explores the similarities and differences in the grammatical realization of Figure and Ground of motion events between Chinese and English.It shows that the principle 'Figure-over-Ground' is largely followed in the grammatical realization of Figure and Ground of motion events in both Chinese and English,but,differences are found in the exact expressions of Figure and Ground between Chinese and English due to different mapping principles of concepts as well as different linguistic encoding features.Linguistic phenomena violating the 'Figure-over-Ground' principle also exist in both Chinese and English due to different cognitive perspectives.However,a restrictive condition applies in both languages,that is,the Figure needs to be an indefinite entity.This shows that as languages can be motivated by different cognitive factors,there are always variations in linguistic expressions.