关于分光光度法的新发现

NEW FINDINGS ON SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

以高锰酸光度法为例,介绍分光光度法的新发现:(1)化学物质(化学元素组成的物质,下同)的基态是多种多样而又定比分布的,它的吸收谱带是这一规律的真实反映;(2)对于吸收谱带的任一波长λ,比色体系(bc)必然有一个与λ相应的最灵敏的"吸收"区间Lλ,在此区间内,λ的吸光度改变量ΔAp与体系改变量Δ(bc)p成正比;(3)光度法的测量误差决定于"精密度法则",即"保持各因素对同一测量系列各个样品影响的一致性",而与吸光度大小无关;(4)"精密度法则"是正态分布理论在测量中的具体体现,不管影响因素多么复杂,遵循这一法则,测量结果的最大残差Di=0.7R,不确定度U95=0.7R/n^(1/2),U99=R/n^(1/2)。

The permanganic acid spectrophotometry was taken as an example to introduce the new findings on spectrophoto- mentry. （1）The ground state of chemical matter（ matter made up of chemical elements） is manifold and their each distribution ratio is fixed. The absorption band of chemical matter is a true reflection of the law. （2） For any wavelength k within the absorption band, the most sensitive absorption interval Lx releted to the h must exist in the colorimetric system（bc）. In the interval, the absorbance variable AAp is propotional to the system variable A（bc）p. （3） The spectrophotometric measurement error depends on ＂precision rule＂, i. e ＂to maintain infection consistency of each facror for the each sample in the same measurement series＂, and has no relation with the size of the absorbance A. （4）＂Precision rule＂ is the normal distribution theory embodied in the measurement. Simply follow this rule, no matter how complex effect factors are, the measurement results of the maximum error Di = 0. 7R, and the expanded uncertainties： Ugs = O. 7R/√n, kp = 2, and U99 = R/√n, kp = 3.