川鄂连蕊茶开花生物学习性研究

Study on Floral Biology of Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz

首次对川鄂连蕊茶(Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.)的开花生物学特性进行了调查,并研究了光照条件对开花的影响,旨在为品种选育和杂交育种提供依据。结果表明,川鄂连蕊茶花芽分化时间较长,经历了绿蕾期、红蕾期、透色期、松瓣期及开放期5个阶段,持续9～10个月完成。花芽主要分布于当年生小枝的枝顶和叶腋,花数/cm枝条为1.32～1.77朵,单株花期15～20 d,单花花期4～5 d。光照条件对花芽分化影响差异显著,全光照和郁闭度0.4时花芽分化正常,郁闭度0.7时花芽数量大大减少。综上所述,川鄂连蕊茶花量大、具清香、观赏性好、适合全光照、疏林下种植或室内盆栽观赏,是良好的丰花香花型茶花育种材料。

The floral biology of Camellia rosthorniana was investigated for the first time, and the influences of different sunlight to flowering were characterized. The results showed that flower bud differentiation lasted for 9 to 10 months, including in green-bud stage, red-bud stage, coloring stage, unfold-petal stage and flowering stage. The large amount flower buds distributed on the top and axils of the annual shoots. The flower number/ cm shoot was 1.32 to 1.77, and the flower period/tree was 15 d to 20 days, as well as every flower lasted 4 days to 5 days. Flower bud differentiation had been influened significantly by various sunlight. Flower bud could be differentiated naturally under full-sunlight or canopy density 0.4. When canopy density was up to 0.7,the number of flower buds decreased greatly. In conclusion, C. rosthorniana was an excellent muhiflora and flavor species, and suitable for landscaping under full-or semi-sunlight, or pot indoors.