试论宋仁宗朝宰相兼枢密使之职权

An Analysis of the Function and Power of Prime Minister during the Reign of Emperor Renzong in Song Dynasty

北宋前期,宋朝中央主管民政的中书门下(简称中书)与主管军事的枢密院,并为"二府",共同参与朝廷军国大政的决策,二府长贰官员构成了北宋前期的宰辅决策集团。随着宋朝与周边政权关系及内部政治环境的变化,二府权能及军事决策机制不断调整和改革,庆历时期,宋仁宗继太祖之后第二次实行宰相兼枢密使制度,以适应新形势的需要。在二府军事决策机制调整的背后凸显出宋朝皇帝军事指挥能力下降的同时其治国的基本方略却得以巩固和提升。

In early Northern Song Dynasty,the ＂two government offices＂（二府）refers to Zhongshu Menxia（中书门下,called Zhongshu for short）,which is in charge of civil affairs and Shu Mi Yuan（枢密院）,which deals with military affairs in central government.Zhongshu and Shu Mi Yuan take part in making major policies jointly,the main and deputy official in these two departments constitute the policy-making group.The function and power and the military decision-making mechanism went through adjustment and transformation with changes of the relationship between Song Dynasty and the surrounding regimes and of the internal political situation.During the period of Qingli（庆历）,the Prime Minister serves concurrently as Shu Mi Shi（枢密使）so as to meet the needs of new situation.The adjustment of military decision-making mechanism of the ＂two government offices＂indicates that the ability to command troops of emperors in Song Dynasty declined,while their fundamental national strategy was strengthened.