预设的语用功能研究

Study on the Functions of Pragmatic Presupposition

预设起源于逻辑学,后来被引进到语言学领域,成为语言学和逻辑学共同关注的重要课题。它是指说话者说出某个特定句子时所作的假设,是交际双方已知的共有或背景知识。从宏观上讲,预设分为语义预设和语用预设,两者既有相同点,也有不同点。语义预设是语用预设的基础,语用预设是语义预设的具体运用,两者间是互补的关系。

The presupposition comes from logic,after having been put into the field of linguistics,it becomes the important mutual topic for both linguistics and logic.It refers to the supposition made by the speaker before he speaks out the words,the mutual knowledge or background known by the speakers.Generally speaking,the presupposition can be divided into 2 kinds：semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition,they have similarities and differences.The semantic presupposition is the foundation of the pragmatic presupposition,the pragmatic presupposition is the application of the semantic presupposition,the relationship between them is mutual beneficial.