香榧壳挥发油的提取工艺及抗菌性研究

Studies on Extraction Technology of Volatile Oil from Torreya grandis Shell and Its Antibacterial Activity

通过水蒸气蒸馏法确定香榧壳挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件,分析挥发油成分,并开展其抗菌试验。采用正交试验法,以挥发油得率为考察指标,对提取过程中的加水量、浸泡时间、提取时间进行比较;用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用仪进行成分分析;采用纸片法扩散法开展其抑菌试验。结果显示:影响香榧壳挥发油得率的最主要因素是料液比;从香榧挥发油中分析鉴定出40种成分,其主要成分是柠檬烯(42.998%)、α-蒎烯(28.138%)和β-水芹烯(3.927%);抗菌结果研究显示,香榧壳挥发油对枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母有一定的抑制作用,对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉的抑制活性很低或没有活性。结论:正交试验法优选得香榧壳挥发油的最佳提取工艺为:加8倍量水,浸泡时间1 h,蒸馏时间3 h,在此条件下,提取率为2.27%;挥发油具有较弱的抗菌活性。

Objective to establish the extraction technology of volatile oil from Torreya grandis shell by steam distillation.Besides,analysis of volatile oil constituent by GC/MS and carry out the study of antimicrobial activity.The orthogonal test was employed to test the effects among volume of adding water,time of immersion and time of extraction on the contents of volatile oil and optimize the extraction technology by orthogonal test.40 compounds were identified,in which the main ingredients were Limonene（42.998%）,α-pinene（28.138%）and β-phellandrene（3.927%）.And disk diffusion was used as antibacterial activity test.Results showed volume of adding water was the most important factor which affected the yield of volatile oil,and studies suggest that volatile oil had less inhibition to Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and had little inhibitory while almost no inhibition activity to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger.Conclusion The optimized extract process as bellow：To dip the materials with 8 volume water for 1 h and distill 3 h by vapor.Under these conditions,oil yielding rate is 2.27%.It was presumed that volatile oils from this materials have a weaker antibacterial activity.