结构主义视角下的元代“逐臣孤子”类杂剧解读

A Structuralistic Interpretation of the Opera of the Yuan Dynasty Featuring Banished Officials

结构主义叙事学倡导从共时性的角度探讨故事讲述的模式及模式之下内蕴的深层结构,从而达到对某种共同的文化精神或心理即"价值"的认识。以此观照元代"逐臣孤子"类杂剧就会发现:一、其人物是毫无"特性"的模糊存在;二、其情节是淡化和弱化了的"误会"性冲突;三、其"故事"是二元对立的环形结构。这种"换汤不换药"的循环结构隐喻了中国古代社会的历史只是"皇帝轮流做"的改朝换代而已,并无真正的变革。

Structural narratology advocated an analysis of the narrative model and its underlying structure from a synchronic perspective,in order to achieve a common understanding of'values',in other words,cultural spirit or psychology.Analyzed from this perspective,the following conclusions can be drawn:first,characters in the opera of the Yuan dynasty featuring banished officials are devoid of'characteristics';second,the plot is an attenuated conflict arising from misunderstanding;third,the storyline is a loop structure with binary opposition.This loop structure implies that there is no real revolution in Chinese history,with the recurrence of one emperor after another dynasty after dynasty.