应用ISSR标记对茶树新品种佛香茶亲本的鉴定

Parentage Identification of Newly Hybrid Tea Cultivar Foxiang Series Revealed by Inter-simple Sequence Repeat Markers

为了明确佛香茶新品种的亲本来源,应用ISSR标记技术对佛香茶及其拟似亲本共15份材料进行亲缘关系分析。18个引物共扩增出235个位点,其中198个位点呈现多态性,多态性为84.25%,表明15个品种间遗传基础较窄。品种间相似系数变幅为0.580~0.860,平均0.724。相似系数分析表明,佛香1号、云抗10号和福鼎大白茶的相似系数比较一致;佛香2号、佛香4号、云抗14号、福鼎大白茶的相似系数较一致;而佛香3号、佛香5号、长叶白毫、福鼎大白茶的相似系数基本一致。UPGMA聚类则将佛香茶与云抗10号、长叶白毫、云抗14号、福鼎大白茶聚在一起。主成分分析显示,佛香1号与云抗10号距离较近;佛香2号、佛香4号、云抗14号之间距离较近;佛香3号、佛香5号、长叶白毫之间距离较近;而福鼎大白茶则处于中心位置,表明福鼎大白茶为佛香茶亲本之一。ISSR标记分析结果明确了佛香茶的亲本来源：佛香1号的亲本是云抗10号与福鼎大白茶;佛香2号、佛香4号的亲本是云抗14号与福鼎大白茶;佛香3号、佛香5号的亲本是长叶白毫与福鼎大白茶。

In order to solve the parentage problems of tea cultivar Foxiang,this study was carried out to investigate the relationship of 15 tea cultivars including 5 Foxiang tea cultivars and 10 parent-like cultivars.The inter-simple sequence repeats（ISSR） markers were used to detect the genetic variation among tea cultivars.The result showed that two hundred and thirty-five DNA fragments among all 15 tea cultivars were amplified,using eighteen reliable ISSR primers,among which 198 DNA bands were polymorphic（PPB=84.25%）.This indicated that a small genetic base exists among tea cultivars tested.The genetic similarity（GS） among the tested genotypes ranged from 0.580 to 0.860,with a {0.724} average,indicating a narrow gene pool among tea cultivars.The GS analysis showed that the GS values of Foxiang 1,Yunkang 10 and Fudingdabaicha were fairly close,the GS values of Foxiang 2,Foxiang 4,Yunkang 14 and Fudingdabaicha were fairly close,and the GS values of Foxiang 3,Foxiang 5,Changyebaihao and Fudingdabaicha were fairly close.The cluster analysis presented that these cultivars were divided into three main groups using the unweighted pair-group method based on arithmetic average（UPGMA） based on ISSR molecular marker data,and Foxiang,Yunkang 10,Yunkang 14,Changyebaihao and Fudingdabaicha were grouped together.The principal component analysis（PCA） for ISSR data showed that PCA supported UPGMA clustering result,but showed more explicit relationships among the test accessions with different lays,orientation and position.The PCA revealed that the genetic distance of Foxiang 1 and Yunkang 10 was comparatively close,the genetic distances of Foxiang 2,Foxiang 4 and Yunkang 14 were fairly close,and the genetic distances of Foxiang 3,Foxiang 5 and Changyebaihao were reasonably close.At the same time,Fudingdabaicha was at the core of these tea cultivars,indicating that Fudingdabaicha was one common parentage of Foxiang cultivars.ISSR analysis revealed parentage origin of Foxiang,and confirmed that the parents of Foxiang 1 were Yunkang 10 and Fudingdabaicha,the parents of Foxiang 2 and Foxiang 4 were Yunkang 14 and Fudingdabaicha,and the parents of Foxiang 3 and Foxiang 5 were Changyebaihao and Fudingdabaicha.