抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体是包含谷氨酸和甘氨酸结合位点的离子通道,在中枢神经系统的突触传递和突触可塑性调节中起重要作用。已证实的3种NMDA亚基,在体内有着不同的分布和功能。抗NMDA受体脑炎是近年才被确认的好发于年轻女性的可治疗的疾病,其临床特点为精神病性脑病、癫样发作以及躯干和面部的异常运动,特别是下颌关节肌张力异常。近年儿童抗NMDA受体脑炎有逐渐增多趋势。因此,增加对典型临床表现的认识,可提高对本病的早期识别并给予适当的治疗。

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate（NMDA） receptors are ion channels that contain binding sites of glutamate and glycine.They play a pivotal role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system.There are 3 NMDA receptor subtypes demonstrated,which have own distribution and function.Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a treatable disorder predominantly affec-ting young women which was recently identified.It is characterized by a combination of psychotic encephalopathy,seizures,and abnormal movements of the trunk and face,particularly in the form of jaw dystonia.The anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis of children increases recently.Accordingly,enhanced awareness of the typical presentation can increase the index of suspicion and facilitate initiation of appropriate treatment.