作为永久和平的至善——康德历史目的论中的道德与政治之辨

The Highest Good as Perpetual Peace——On the Relation of Morality and Politics in Kant's Historical Teleology

康德的历史目的论与其道德和政治思想紧密相关。他考察了历史的自然目的和道德目的,揭示出至善是历史的最终目的,而至善又表现为各个国家之间的永久和平。通过把道德上的至善看作是政治上的永久和平,康德指出,道德与政治实际上是共契而非冲突的。这种共契是康德进一步统一实践哲学,从而完善其批判哲学体系,达到全面理解"人是什么"的进一步尝试。

Kant＇s historical teleology has a close relation to his thought of morality and politics.He observes the natural teleology and moral teleology of history,then points out that the final end of history is the highest good which shows up the perpetual peace about all countries of the world.On the ground of the highest good as perpetual peace,Kant holds that the relation of morality and politics is not conflict but Alliance,which makes history,morality and politics united in Kant＇s practical philosophy,then reaches to comprehensively understand Kant＇s critical philosophical system and ＂what is human being＂.