不同水分条件对人参榕生长和生理的影响

Effects of soil water condition on Ficus microcarpa growth and physiological characteristics

以3年生人参榕(Ficus microcarpa)为试材,采用盆栽调控水分的方法,研究5种不同的水分处理(基质最大含水量的90%～100%,70%～80%,50%～60%,30%～40%和10%～20%)对人参榕生长和生理的影响,为栽培生产提供理论依据。结果表明:随着浇水量的减少,人参榕的株高、冠幅、块根增量均显著下降(P<0.05);人参榕叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著增高(P<0.05),细胞膜相对透性显著增强,脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量也显著增加;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈随浇水量的减少而显著降低;但叶片水分利用效率(WUE)呈显著增加趋势;各处理的叶片初始荧光(Fo)和最大光量子效率(Fv/Fm)差异不显著。在各处理中,70%～80%的最大基质含水量的处理,其人参榕叶片的细胞膜相对透性最低,保护酶活性最弱,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量最低,净光合速率高,从而导致了人参榕具有生长最快、株高、冠幅和最大块根直径增量最大的特点。可见,70%～80%的最大基质含水量为是人参榕种植效果最好的水分管理模式。

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different soil water conditions on the growth and physiological characteristics of three years old Ficus microcarpa seedlings,aimed to provide an optimum water management mode for the cultivation of this horticultural species.Five treatments were installed,i.e.,90%-100%,70%-80%,50%-60%,30%-40%,and 10%-20% of maximum soil water content.With the decrease of the water content,the seedling height,crown diameter,and root tuber biomass decreased significantly,leaf superoxide dismutase（SOD） and peroxidase（POD） activities,membrane permeability,and proline and malondialdehyde（MDA） contents had significant increase,leaf photosynthetic rate（Pn） and transpiration rate（Tr） decreased significantly,and leaf water use efficiency（WUE） had a significant increasing trend in the treatments with lower soil water content.No significant differences were observed in the minimum fluorescence yield in light-adapted state（Fo） and the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry in dark-adapted state（Fv/Fm） among the five treatments.In treatment 70%-80% of maximum soil water content,the leaf membrane permeability,SOD and POD activities,and proline and MDA contents were the lowest while the Pn was highest,resulting in the quickest seedling growth and the largest increments of plant height,crown diameter,and root tuber biomass,suggesting that this treatment could be the best water management mode for the cultivation of F.microcarpa.