中国区域基本公共服务水平的收敛性及其影响因素分析

Analysis on Convergence of Regional Basic Public Services in China and Its Influential Factors

在计算区域基本公共服务水平综合指数的基础上,文章运用收敛模型讨论了1994-2008年中国基本公共服务水平的收敛情况,并利用省域层面数据检验了造成省域差距的原因。研究表明,中国省域基本公共服务整体水平存在很大差距且绝对差距不断扩大,1994-2008年不存在σ收敛但存在绝对β收敛和俱乐部收敛。除了提高区域经济发展水平和增加基本公共服务投入之外,文章从新经济地理的角度强调了空间集聚的重要性。加快城镇化、引导人口流向人口承载力强的地区以及促进人口向城市集聚,可以显著降低人均基本公共服务的供给成本,有助于加快区域基本公共服务的均等化。

Based on the measurement of comprehensive index of regional basic public services, this paper explores the convergence of regional basic public services from 1994 to 2008 by convergence model, and tests the reasons for inter-provincial differences by provincial panel data. It arrives at the conclusions as follows： firstly, the overall levels of basic public services among provinces in China differ widely and the absolute gap is widening; secondly, there is not σ-convergence, but there exist β-convergence and club-convergence from 1994 to 2008. In addition to the improvement of regional economic development and the increase in the input of basic public services, this paper places emphasis on the importance of spatial agglomeration from the angle of new economic geography. Measures such as the acceleration of urbanization, the guidance of population flow into areas with strong population capacity and the promotion of population agglomeration in cities can effectively reduce the supply cost of basic public services per capita and be beneficial to the equalization of regional basic public services.