社区戒毒模式研究——基于多元整合视角的实证分析

Study on the Mode of Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Multidimensional Perspective

吸毒人群的戒毒问题是一个世界性难题,是一个多元干预手段环环相扣的综合性问题,因此,对吸毒人群戒毒的干预、康复和矫治工作,关键是将美沙酮社区维持治疗(生理)、人格重塑、提升吸毒人群拒绝毒品的自我效能感(心理)、家庭治疗(家庭支持)和社区戒毒、帮教(禁毒社会工作者帮扶)相结合,使每个环节无缝连接,才有可能从根本上帮助吸毒人群戒除毒瘾。因此,本研究就是要对"生理———心理———社会"的综合性干预模式的可行性、有效性进行评估。本研究基于笔者在南京市美沙酮维持治疗中心完成的300份问卷调查和南京市秦淮区187位社区戒毒人员的问卷调查;基于对14位秦淮区禁毒社工,10位戒毒人员家属的个案访谈而开展。

Drug rehabilitation is a universal problem and shall be handled by integrated methods. The key principle of drug rehabilitation is to combine the physiological treatment of methadone community, rebuilding personality, improving self-efficacy of drug users, family support, community-based drug rehabilitation and social workers＇ help. None of the methods mentioned above is unnecessary in helping drug users resist drug abuse. The present study is to evaluate the feasibility and validity of this ＂physiological-psychological-social＂ in- tegrated mode. Based on 300 questionnaires from Nanjing methadone community, 187 questionnaires from the drug addicts in Qinhuai District, 14 interviews with social works of Qinhuai district and 10 interviews with the families of drug addicts, the present study proposes that the mode of combining familial treatment and community-based drug rehabilitation is the key method to help the drug addicts.