路径依赖与路径锁定——珠江三角洲与长江三角洲区域发展的空间制度变迁比较

Path Dependence and Path Lock： A Comparison of Spatial Institutional Change in PRD and YRD＇s Regional Development

制度供给成为影响珠江三角洲与长江三角洲区域发展的重要因素。对两地的区域发展进行空间制度供给的主体与方式有两个，一是国家主导的政策供给，另一是地方政府中间扩散的制度供给。在国家主导的空间制度供给层面始终维持着同样的供给逻辑，即：当中国需要探索世界或进行局部试验时，往往会选择广东沿海地区进行先行的制度创新；而当需要面向全国或者是带动国内的发展时，往往首先会将探索成功的制度运用于以上海为首的长江三角洲地区。这种区域发展的空间制度供给逻辑的恒定性使国家层面的制度变迁表现出一定的路径依赖性。以国家的政策供给为逻辑起点，两地地方政府空间制度的供给深受各地资本结构及其市场导向所需的空间准入要求的影响，因而表现出较强的制度供给路径锁定。顺应国家层面制度供给的路径依赖，珠江三角洲地区地方政府的空间制度供给应当朝着与港、澳开展制度性整合的方向前进，建立大珠江三角洲自由贸易区更像是符合两岸三地区域经济一体化发展趋势的空间制度安排；而针对地方政府空间制度供给的路径锁定，则需要国家在开启地方政府制度创新的许可空间时，制定一定的准则与门槛，规避路径锁定带来的空间发展绩效低下的局面。

Institutional supply is an important factor for the regional development of Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta. There are two kinds of main bodies and modes of the spatial institutional supply for the two regions： one is the policy supply by the state, the other is the middle-proliferation institutional supply by the local government. The policy supply by the state always follows the same logic： when the country needs to conduct an exploration or a partial tests, Pearl River Delta, represented by Guangdong province, will be chosen as a test to innovate related institutions. Whenever it is for a comprehensive domestic development, Yangtze River Delta Region, represented by Shanghai, will be chosen to first carry out new policies. The unchanged logic of spatial institutional supply for regional development shows a path dependence in institutional changing at the national level. With the national policy supply as the logical starting point, the spatial institutional supplyby local governments in the two regions is remarkably impacted by the capital structure and the introduction of necessary space oriented at market demand, so a strong path lock of the institutional sup- ply is quite obvious. By following the path dependence on the institutional su ply by the state, the institutional supply by the local governments in Pearl River Delta should integrate with the institutions of Hong Kong and Macao, so as to build a Greater Pearl River Delta free trade zone that meets the trend of economic integration. And for the path lock of spatial institutional supply by the local governments, certain criteria and thresholds should be established when allowing local governments to conduct institutional innovation, so that the low-efficiency performance of space development can be avoided.