凡纳滨对虾饲料中用花生粕替代鱼粉的研究

Replacement of Fish Meal with Peanut Meal in Diets for White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

本研究旨在研究花生粕替代不同水平鱼粉蛋白质对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、消化酶活性和养分表观消化率的影响。选择初始体重为(0.75±0.01)g的健康对虾苗720尾,随机分成6个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复40尾虾。试验配制6种等氮等能饲料,即以0、3.83%、7.65%、11.48%、15.30%和22.96%的花生粕分别替代0、10%、20%、30%、40%和60%的鱼粉蛋白质。饲养试验持续56 d。结果表明:当花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平高于10%时,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著降低(P<0.05);当替代水平高于20%时,饲料系数显著提高(P<0.05)。当花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平高于40%时,全虾粗蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);当替代水平高于30%时,全虾粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05)。当花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平高于20%时,肝胰脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),而淀粉酶活性则显著提高(P<0.05)。当花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平高于10%时,血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量显著下降(P<0.05);当花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平高于20%时,血清总胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05);当花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平高于30%时,血清甘油三酯含量显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料的干物质、蛋白质和能量表观消化率,对照组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);此外,花生粕替代水平为10%和20%的组的蛋白质表观消化率显著高于替代水平为40%和60%的组(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸以及总氨基酸的表观消化率,对照组均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);蛋氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸的表观消化率,对照组与替代10%组差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于替代60%组(P<0.05)。然而,花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质水平的变化对对虾成活率、全虾的磷和灰分含量及饲料脂肪表观消化率影响不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,以生长性能为指标并结合饲料养分表观消化率,在粗蛋白质含量为40%、鱼粉含量为30%的凡纳滨对虾基础饲料中花生粕替代鱼粉蛋白质的适宜比例为10%。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of peanut meal as a replacement for fish meal in diets on growth performance,body composition,serum biochemical indices,digestive enzyme activities,and nutrient apparent digestibility of white shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei Boone）.A total of 720 shrimp with an initial body weight of（0.75±0.01） g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimp in each replicate.Six kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared with 0,3.83%,7.65%,11.48%,15.30% and 22.96% peanut meal to replace 0,10%,20%,30%,40% and 60% of protein derived from fish meal,respectively.The feeding experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows：when the replacement level of fish meal protein with peanut meal was over 10%,weight gain rate,special growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of white shrimp were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）;when the replacement level was over 40%,feed conversion ratio was significantly increased（P〈0.05）.The crude protein content of whole body in shrimp was significantly decreased when the replacement level was over 40% in the diets（P〈0.05）,while the lipid content of whole body in shrimp was significantly increased when the replacement level was over 30% in the diets（P〈0.05）.When the replacement level of fish meal protein with peanut meal was above 20% in the diets,activities of hepatopancreas protease and lipase were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）,while amylase activity was significantly increased（P〈0.05）.Serum total protein and glucose contents were significantly decreased when the replacement level was over 10%（P〈0.05）,and serum total cholesterol content was significantly decreased when the replacement level was over 20%（P〈0.05）,while serum triglycerides content was significantly increased when the replacement level was over 30%（P〈0.05）.The apparent digestibilities of dry matter,protein and energy in control diet were significantly higher than those in other diets（P〈0.05）.Apparent protein digestibility in groups with 10% and 20% replacement levels were higher than those in groups with 40% and 60% replacement levels（P〈0.05）.Apparent digestibilities of lysine,leucine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,valine,threonine,tyrosine,serine,glutamic acid,proline,glycine,alanine and total amine acids in the control diet were significantly higher than those in other diets（P〈0.05）.Apparent digestibilities of methionine,histidine,arginine and aspartate in the control diet and 10% replacement level diet were significantly higher than those in other diets（P〈0.05）,but there was no significant difference between the control diet and 10% replacement level diet（P〉0.05）.However,changes in replacement proportion of peanut meal and fish meal showed no significant effect on survival rate,phosphorus and ash content of whole body in shrimp and lipid apparent digestibility（P〉0.05）.Based on the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility,the optimal replacement level of fish meal protein with peanut meal is 10% in the white shrimp basal diet containing 40% crude protein and 30% fish meal.