从“大盘”到“新城”——广州“华南板块”重构思考

From ＂Large Community＂ to ＂New Town＂ ： Reorganization of ＂South China Residential Block＂

1990年代以来，城市房地产发展建设逐渐成为城市空间拓展与城市建设的“主力军”，以至于对城市空间结构产生深刻影响，特别是与城市空间发展和城市公共性等议题密切联系的有关居住区的规模、选址、公共服务配置等，成为政府以及企业博弈的“前台”。然而，广州“华南板块”居住“大盘”开发则提供了一个由于县（区）级政府和市级政府在利益博弈与空间管制过渡期间，开发商主导与“运营”楼盘建设，政府缺位和不作为而导致城市公共性丧失的微观分析样本。本文探讨了“华南板块”大盘开发的形成及其后果，并以广州城市发展战略研究为基础，希冀以“新城”理念重构“华南板块”，以弥补城市公共性的缺失，从而促使“居住大盘”有望向真正意义上的城市转变。

The development of urban real estate has gradually become the main force of urban sprawl and urban construction since 1990s. Closely related to urban spatial development and urban communality, the scale, location and public facilities of residential areas have become the arena of game between government and real estate enterprises particularly. The development of ＂South China Residential Block＂ （ SCRB ） of Guangzhou offers a microscopic sample that during the period of gaming and management transition between county （district） government and municipal government, the construction lead by enterprise and the absence of governmental guidance lead to the loss of urban communality. The paper takes it as the starting point, analyses the formation and final result of SCRB, hopes to reconstruct SCRB based on the idea of new town concept and urban development strategy of Guangzhou, so as to improve its urban eommunality and change the former ＂large community＂ to a real urban neigh-borhood.