社区发展理论对中国乡村规划的启示

The Inspiration of Commtmity Development Theory to Rural Planning in China

“社区发展”是20世纪中叶在各国乡村重建行动中兴起并推广的一种“社区导向性社会工作方法”，是对外援计划失效的反思和社区意识觉醒的产物，更符合人们对于尊重、平等、信任和集体认同感的精神需求，对各国乡村发展计划乃至国家发展战略都产生了巨大而持久的影响。当前，对中国乡村规划方法的探讨已逐渐从技术反思转向价值反思，本文通过对社区发展理论的系统介绍，反思当前乡村规划问题的根源，并试图从价值取向、内容框架及制度体系等方面获得对中国现行乡村规划方法的启示。

It is quite necessary to learn from correlative theory to rural planning, as the discussion is already transferring from technology to value judgment. ＂Community Development＂, as a ＂Community-oriented Social Working Method＂, came up and spread out during the rural reconstruction in different countries in the 1950s. This theory comes Out both on the reflection of external aid in vain, as well as on the elevation of the community consciousness. It also conforms the spiritual demands of human respect, equality, trust and collective identity across the population. Thus, this principle can maintain a tremendous and perpetuating influence in many countries, not only on rural development plans, but also on the national development strategies. By giving a general introduction to the community development theory, this paper tries to find the primary reason to the problems of rural planning in China now, and get some inspirations and suggestions on the value choice, content frame and institutional system.