清季民国戏剧改良与妇女解放的互动关系考察——以河南为例

Relationship between the Reform of Theatre and Women Emancipation in Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China: Henan as an Example

清季民初,戏剧改良运动兴起,其宗旨为移风易俗,妇女解放便是其中一项内容。清末,作为戏剧大省的河南开始允许妇女入园看戏,民国时期,女演员登台演戏日益增多,她们成名后积极义演赈灾、支持教育,一定程度上提高了妇女的社会地位。通过对河南戏剧改良的梳理与考察可知:戏剧改良一定程度上推动了妇女解放,妇女解放也促进了戏剧的革新,戏剧改良与妇女解放互为促进。

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, movement to reform traditional theatre began to rise and its purpose was to transform social traditions, an aspect of which was women＇s liberation. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the government of Henan Province, an influential theatre market, allowed women to watch performances in theatres. There were more and more opportu- nities for actresses to perform on stage during the beginning of early Republic of China. Once weU-known actresses staged shows for disaster relief and supporting education, largely helping promote women＇s status. The examination of the reforms of Henan theatre shows that these reforms promoted women＇s liberation, and conversely, women＇s liberation contributed to innovations in theatre.