10个不同系统梨品种的可溶性糖与有机酸组分含量分析

Analysis of components and contents of soluble sugars and organic acids in ten cultivars of pear by high performance liquid chromatography

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对分属不同栽培系统的10个梨品种可溶性糖和有机酸进行了分析。结果表明:HPLC法测定糖、酸各组分线性相关性良好,且重复性、回收率高。对不同品种的测定分析表明:梨果实中的可溶性糖主要有果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和山梨醇,其中果糖含量最高,葡萄糖含量次之,这两种糖占总糖含量的比例是72.17%,蔗糖含量最低,葡萄糖和果糖含量与总糖呈极显著正相关;有机酸组成主要包括苹果酸、柠檬酸、奎尼酸、莽草酸和草酸,其中苹果酸和柠檬酸含量显著高于其他酸成分,这两种酸占总酸的比例是89.79%,并且与总酸呈极显著正相关。不同品种中,白梨和砂梨的总糖和总酸含量都比较低,秋子梨的糖和酸含量都较高,新疆梨的糖含量相对较高,酸含量居中,西洋梨的糖含量较高,而酸含量最高;糖酸比变化较大(6.95～33.87),以白梨和砂梨糖酸比较高,秋子梨和新疆梨居中,西洋梨较低。

Ten cultivars in different species were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）method in this study.Results showed that HPLC method revealed good linear relationship,and high repeatability and recoveries in detecting the contents and components of soluble sugars and organic acids.Analysis of different cultivars revealed that the major components of soluble sugars were sucrose,glucose,fructose and sorbitol.The fructose content showed the highest value,and the glucose content was the second,the proportion of these two sugars to total soluble sugars was 72.17%,and sucrose content was the lowest,and glucose and fructose showed very significant positive correlation with total soluble sugars.The major componets of organic acids were malic acid,citric acid,quinic acid,shikimic acid,and oxalic acid,the contents of malic acid and citric acid were significantly higher than others,and the proportion of the two organic acids to total organic acids was 89.79%,and showed very significant positive correlation with total organic acids.In different species,the content of total soluble sugars and total organic acids in Pyrus bretschnrideri Rehd.and P.pyrifolia（Burm.f.）Nakai was relatively lower,the content of total soluble sugars and total organic acids in P.ussuriensis Msxim.was relatively higher,the content of total soluble sugars in P.sinkiangensis Yü was relatively higher,and total organic acids was intermediate,the content of total soluble sugars in P.communis Linn.was relatively higher,and total organic acids was the highest.The ratio of total sugars to total acids varied a lot and was from 6.95 to 33.87,and the ratio of total sugars to total acids was higher in P.bretschnrideri Rehd.and P.pyrifolia（Burm.f.）Nakai,P.ussuriensis Msxim.and P.sinkiangensis Yü were intermediate,and P.communis Linn.was relatively lower.