不同比例玉米与沙打旺混贮营养成分及有毒有害物质分析

Nutrient Composition and Content of Poisonous Substances in Corn and Astragalus adsurgens Mixed Silage

本研究通过玉米与沙打旺不同比例混贮,旨在寻求最优混贮比例以提高沙打旺发酵及营养品质,降低沙打旺有毒有害成分。设玉米与沙打旺1∶0、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、0∶1共5个混贮处理,每个处理3个重复,测定各处理pH值、挥发性脂肪酸、营养成分、真菌毒素、硝酸盐类、无机有毒元素。结果表明,随沙打旺混贮比例增加,各处理pH值和粗蛋白含量呈递增趋势,NDF和ADF含量呈递减趋势;玉米与沙打旺1∶1混贮处理乳酸含量最高,达到2.867DM%;玉米与沙打旺混贮可以提高青贮饲料的氨基酸含量,混贮处理蛋氨酸含量分别为0.029 4、0.035 1和0.025 4μg.kg-1,均高于沙打旺单贮蛋氨酸含量,赖氨酸含量较玉米单贮分别提高57.2%和45.0%(P<0.05);各处理青贮饲料较青贮原料黄曲霉毒素含量增加,玉米赤霉烯酮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐含量减少;青贮对铅、砷、铬无机元素含量影响不显著。结果提示,玉米与沙打旺1∶1混贮处理营养成分及氨基酸含量较高,且有毒有害成分含量较低,为理想的混贮处理。

The aims of this study was to seek optimal mixed silage treatment of Astragalus adsurgens and corn,improve the fermentation and nutritional quality of Astragalus adsurgens,and reduce the content of poisonous substances.Special silage corn of Keduo 8 and Astragalus adsurgens were mixed and silaged at the ratio of 1：0,2：1,1：1,1：2 and 0：1,respectively,and 3 repetitions per treatment.The pH value,volatile fatty acids,nutrition composition,mycotoxin,nitrate and nitrite,inorganic toxic elements in all treatments determined.The result showed that with the proportion of Astragalus adsurgens increasing,pH and the crude protein content would increase as well,while the neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fiber had a descending trend.The content of lactic acid of corn mixed with Astragalus adsurgens 1：1 treatment was highest.The mixed silage could raise the amino acid content of the silage.The Methionine content of three mixed silage treatments was 0.029 4,0.035 1 and 0.025 4 μg·kg-1 respectively,which was all higher than that of single Astragalus adsurgens silage（P0.05）,the Lysine was 57.2% and 45.0% higher than that of single corn silage（P0.05）.The aflatoxin of treated silages were higher than those of raw silage,while the zearalenone,nitrite,nitrate were lower.The influence of silage on inorganic elements like lead,arsenic,chromium was not significant.These results indicate that nutrient and amino acid content of the mixed silage of corn mixed with Astragalus adsurgens 1：1 treatment are relatively high and less poisonous elements are contained,which is the ideal mixed silage treatment.