蟾蜍高钾血症模型的建立

Reproduction of a hyperkalemia animal model

目的建立蟾蜍心脏高钾血症和氯化钙解救动物模型,观察血钾升高及氯化钙解救对蟾蜍Ⅱ导联心电图(ECGⅡ)的影响。方法蟾蜍50只,雌雄不拘,随机均分为实验组和对照组(n=25)。实验组经腹壁静脉注射0.2%氯化钾0.3ml,2min后经腹壁静脉注射1%氯化钙0.2ml,对照组均注射等量生理盐水。观察两组ECGⅡ的变化并进行比较。结果与对照组比较,实验组注射0.2%氯化钾后ECG立即显示心率减慢,P-R间期延长,QRS波群增宽变低,T波高尖(P<0.05),注射1%氯化钙解救后心率、P-R间期、QRS波群及T波均恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05)。结论经腹壁静脉给药建立蟾蜍高钾血症能够模拟高钾血症的心电图表现,并能用氯化钙成功解救。该方法操作简便快速,适宜在医学院校实验教学中推广。

Objective To reproduce an animal model of myocardium hyperkalemia and to relieve its symptoms with calcium chloride（CaCl2） with the purpose of observing the effect of hyperkalemia on electrocardiogram Ⅱ（ECGⅡ）.Methods Fifty toads（either gender） were assigned into two groups,i.e.experiment group and control group.Animals in experiment group were injected with 0.3ml of 0.2% potassium chloride（KCl） via abdominal vein to reproduce hyperkalemia model,while those in control group were injected same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride（NaCl）,then ECG Ⅱ was synchronously recorded.Two minutes later,animals in experiment group were injected with 0.2ml of 1% calcium chloride（CaCl2） via the abdominal vein to relieve hyperkalemia,and ECGⅡ was again synchronously recorded.Results After injection of 0.2% KCl,ECG Ⅱ of the animals in experiment group showed that the heart rate was slowed down（P0.05）,P-R interval was extended（P0.05）,QRS was broadened and lowered（P0.05）,T peak became higher（P0.05） as compared with that in control group.Two minutes after injection of 1% CaCl2,the ECG Ⅱ of the animals in experiment group recovered to normal status,and no significant difference was found between that of experiment group and control group.Conclusion The changes in ECG Ⅱ in toad model of myocardium hyperkalemia,produced by injection of 0.2% KCl,and then relieve the symptoms by injection of 1% CaCl2 via abdominal vein,is similar to that in mammals.Compared with other animal models,the hyperkalemia toad model is more convenient to be established with practical and stable result,and the cost is lower.