论司马迁对秦史研究的贡献与突破

Si Ma-qian′s Research on the History of Qin Dynasty——Contribution and Breakthrough

秦朝短命而亡,在汉初的思想界与史学界,"过秦"思潮成为时代主流。司马迁以一个史学家的远见卓识,从理论上肯定秦朝的历史地位与作用,打破了不敢道秦的禁忌;在修史实践上,全面、完整地记述秦朝的兴亡过程,探索秦朝的兴衰之因,揭示秦国发展的原因与奥秘;而一分为二地评价秦史人物,则体现了司马迁自身的情感与理性。他为秦史研究作出了突出的贡献。

In the ideology and history circles, criticism is the main and leading idea on the ephemeral Qin Dynasty. However, as a far-sighted historian, Si Ma-qian speaks highly of Qin on its historical significance, breaking the no-Qin-admiring taboo. In narrating history, he records the whole course of the Qin Dynast）, full and in detail, seeks the reason for its prosperity and fall, and reviews what makes it develop. As a matter of fact, Si Ma-qian comments Qin＇s history and its figures impersonally, shows the reason of himself, contributing a great deal to the research of the history of Qin Dynasty.