时政用语的语义缺省与译语重构

Reconstruction in the Interpretation of Current Political Terms with Semantic Default

语义缺省型时政用语是口译的难题，但鲜见有文献讨论。本文在缺省语义学理论框架下探讨此类用语的口译问题。Jaszczolt把语义缺省区分为认知缺省和社会文化缺省两种基本类型。认知缺省的信息是同一语言社团共享知识的默认值，当跨语言社团成员对同一概念的意义可能产生认知变异时，时政用语的缺省值需要在译语中转化为必要值。社会文化缺省是说话人在与其意向受众交流时对双方共有的相关文化背景知识的省略，但被隐去的语用值又可能是异域受体的期待信息，需要在译语中得到恰当的移植或补偿。时政用语的语义缺省有时以附带、冗余信息为表现形式，这些繁琐的语符可以通过节译滤除。

In light of Default Semantics,this paper approaches interpretation of the current political terms which few literatures have discussed.Jaszczolt differentiates semantic default into two types:cognitive default and social-cultural default.The information in cognitive default is the tacit knowledge only shared by the common speech community.If one and the same term may cause cognitive variation in a different cultural community,the interpreter should transfer the default value of the term into essential value.Social-cultural default is defined as absence of some cultural background knowledge shared by the speaker and his/her intended audiences.If the defaulted pragmatic value in a current political term is the very information expected by the audiences from different cultures,it should be transferred or compensated in the target language.Sometimes current political terms may be represented in wordy or redundant forms,which can be strained off by economic interpretation.