权利观念的中国化——从民族国家选择到社区伦理挑战

Localization of the Conception of Rights in China: From Nation-State’s Choice to Community Ethnics’ Chanllenge

中国在法治现代化过程中,始终面临的基本问题是,外来权利观念与在地经验之间的关系。所谓在地经验,包括民族国家的认识和社会民众的认同两个层面。这也就意味着,权利观念进入中国要经历双重语境化的过程。一方面,引入外来权利观念是中国建立强大民族国家的需要,并且权利观念会随着国家治理策略的改变而改变;另一方面,权利观念一旦被确立为国家意识形态,并强力推行进入社会生活,有可能会加速既有社会结构的解体。由于新的社会结构并不能很快形成,反而使得社会处于不稳定状态。对于转型社会而言,以个体权利为基础,同时强调公民社会责任的共同体观念的建立就显得十分必要。

The relationship between the conception and the localization of extraneous rights is essential during the modernization of rule of law in China. The localization includes nation-state＇s awareness and people＇s recognition. On the one hand, it means that the conception of rights must experience double contextualization when introduced into China. The conception of rights is necessary for building a mighty nation-state, and changes with government strategy. On the other hand, once the concept of right is established as the state ideology, and implemented into the social life, it is possible to accelerate the disintegration of social structure. Since the new social structures cannot be formed quickly, the society becomes unstable. Therefore, it is vital to establish the conception of community based on individual rights and social responsibility during social transition.