法律判断客观性探询——从德沃金的阐释理论到罗纳根的理解哲学

Inquiry into the Objectivity of Legal Judgment:from Dworkin's Interpretation Theory to Lonergan's Comprehension Philosophy

罗纳根是专门研究人类理解学问的哲学大师,他在一般意义上回答了判断的客观性问题,德沃金则在法律领域论证了判断是有客观性的,相似的是他们都将判断客观性问题转化为判断结论的选择问题。罗纳根通过认知结构的经验、顿悟与判断三重机制,指出排除激情与偏见就能获得正确结论;德沃金认为只能借助偏见才能获得理解,并通过整体性原则与"二步限缩"的评估获得最佳答案。因为最佳结论是唯一的,正确判断是既定的,所以这两种路径都能通达客观目的。

Lonergan,a master of philosophy,studies human being＇s comprehension comprehensively and profoundly and answers the question of objectivity in judgment in the general meaning,while Dworkin argues the same question in legal field.And the two both transfer this question to the selection in the results of judgment.From the experiences in cognition structure,insight and the three mechanisms of judgment,Lonergan points that the correct conclusion can be obtained only with no passion and bias.Dworkin points that comprehension can only be obtained with the help of bias,and people can get the best result via the evaluation of the integrity principle and ＂two-step limit shrink＂.Because the best conclusion is unique and the correct judgment is fixed,they can be objective.