半城市化地区家庭生活垃圾特征及低碳对策:以厦门市集美区为例

Characteristics of generation and low-carbon management strategies for household waste in peri-urban area:A case study of Jimei District,Xiamen

半城市化地区已成为城市化研究的热点,但其生活垃圾管理问题常被忽视.以典型半城市化地区——厦门市集美区为例,通过问卷调查与实地采样两种方法,分析不同住区家庭生活垃圾产生的特征,并通过生命周期分析法,对比混合填埋、混合堆肥、混合焚烧以及分类处理4种垃圾处理方案的温室气体排放,提出相应的垃圾管理对策.结果表明:半城市化地区可回收物和可堆肥物的回收利用率有待提高;农村居民点和城市型住区应作为垃圾减量化的重点;小城镇和城郊村的垃圾回收率低,应多布设正规的垃圾收购站点;农村居民点的可堆肥物较多,应布设生物处理机或将可堆肥物分类收集后集中处理;城市型住区应注重有害垃圾的分类收集与安全处置;垃圾分类处理的碳排放总量低于混合处理;垃圾混合焚烧时电力消耗的碳排放最多,但碳排放总量低于混合堆肥或填埋.

Peri-urban areas have become the research focus of urbanization process.However,the waste management problems were often ignored in periurban areas.In this paper,Jimei District of Xiamen City,a typical peri-urban area was chosen as a case study site.Through the questionnaire together with the field investigation,the characteristics of household waste discarded from different types of settlement were analysed.By using the life cycle analysis（LCA）,the greenhouse gas emissions from the four household waste treatment scenarios,mixed HW landfill,mixed HW composting,mixed HW incineration and sorted HW management,were calculated and compared.The results showed that in peri-urban area,the rates of resource recycling and utilization of the recyclable and compostable waste were to be improved.Both of rural and urban settlements should be targeted in waste reduction.More standard collection points were suggested to set up in small town and suburban settlements where the recycling rates were lower.Due to the large quantity of compostable waste in rural settlement,biological processors can be introduced into the communities.Construction of centralized fermentation plant to treat the sorted compostable waste can act as an alternative.The sorted collection and secured disposal for harmful waste should be emphasized in the urban settlement of peri-urban area.It is discovered that the sum of the greenhouse gas emissions from the integrated management system for classified HW was less than the emissions from the system for mixed HW in peri-urban area.The total emissions from incineration were less than the emissions from landfill or composting,although the emissions from power consumption in incineration plant were the most significant.