蒙古语过去时与英语现在完成时的比较

A Comparison Between Mongolian Past Tense and English Present Perfect Tense

蒙古语和英语分属不同的语系和语言类型,在时态表述上存在差异。本文在对比蒙古语和英语时态的基础上,对蒙古语过去时和英语现在完成时进行比较。其对比结果发现,蒙古语的时态是着眼于动作或是事情发生的时间而划分,较为粗略,没有和体相结合;而英语的时态是时和体双重影响下产生,表述上更详细、具体。蒙古语的每个时所涵盖的时间概念比英语的广。蒙古语的过去时至少可以包含英语中的一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去进行时所表达的时间概念。英语现在完成时所表达的时间概念在蒙古语中属于过去时表达的范畴。因此,两者在概念、形式结构、用法上的差异值得学习者借鉴。

Mongolian and English can be classified into different language family and language type.They differ in tense statement.Based on the comparison of Mongolian and English tenses,this paper gives a brief survey on the differences between the Mongolian past tense and English present perfect tense.The consequence is that Mongolian tense focuses on the occurrence of actions and events to differ the tenses.Therefore,without combination with aspect Mongolian tense is comparatively sketchy;while English tense is influenced both by tense and aspect,so English tense is characterized by its detailed and concrete statement.The time concept of each Mongolian tense is wider than English tense.The concept of past tense in Mongolian at least can cover the past tense,the present perfect tense,the past perfect tense and the past continuous tense in English.The concept of present perfect tense in English belongs to category of past tense in Mongolian.Therefore,the differences in concepts,structures and usages between two languages deserve the learners＇ reference.