日据时期台湾香蕉产业与客家经济精英

Taiwan's Banana Growing Industry and the Hakka Economic Elites during Japanese Colonial Period

香蕉在日据时期是台湾的主要输出青果,其中九成以上销往日本市场。当时蕉界精英17位,其中钟干郎、萧恩乡、林德玉、李才祉、林富仑等五位是南部六堆客家精英。本文借日据时期台蕉出口及其发展状况,观察六堆客家商绅发展过程及他们之间如何建立起蕉贸网络,并通过这些客家精英的生命史与网络来重新解释香蕉产业的型构。其次,当时香蕉经济是项获利颇丰的新兴事业,客家精英纷纷"弃教(儒)从商",重商思想和商绅阶层兴起,六堆客家人正式进入都市发展,从事海外贸易,而香蕉产品的商业化也促使客籍农民愿意承担风险提高植蕉面积与产量,带动了六堆地区整体发展,显见当时客家人在香蕉产业里具有举足轻重的地位。

During the Japanese colonial period,Banana made the major exported fruit of Taiwan.More than ninety percent was exported to Japan.There were seventeen elites in the banana growing industry,out of which the following five：Chung Kan-lang,Hsiao En-hsiang,Lin Te-yu,Li Tsai-chih,and Lin Fu-lun,were Hakka elites from the Liouduei area in Southern Taiwan.Therefore,this paper,based on Taiwan banana export development during Japanese colonial period,is primarily targeted to investigate the wealth acquisition process of Hakka gentry-merchants from the Liouduei area,the way in which they constructed trade networks for banana merchandizing and re-explain how the banana industry has grown through these Hakka elites＇ life history.Secondly,because of its big profits,the banana economy became an emerging business.Hakka elites had abandoned teaching and turned for business.Mercantilism and gentry-merchants were formed approximately.Liouduei Hakka engaged in urban development and overseas trade.Moreover,the commercialization of banana elevated Hakka farmers＇ willingness to take risks in enlarging the growing area and quantity of banana,which promoted the general regional development in Liouduei area.