不同混播方式对豆禾混播草地生产性能的影响

Effects of Different Mixed Sowing Patterns on Production Performance of Legume-Grass Mixture

以红豆草、紫花苜蓿、红三叶、鸭茅、无芒雀麦和猫尾草6种牧草在混播种类为6种、5种、4种及豆禾混播比例5∶5、4∶6、3∶7的条件下建立混播草地,测定牧草产量、豆禾产量比、茎叶比、相对产量、相对产量总和及粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维收获量,比较其牧草产量、组分及品质等生产性能,探索高产优质混播草地建植与持续管理的调控机制。结果表明:各混播处理牧草产量、粗蛋白质与粗脂肪收获量均显著高于单播(P<0.05),各混播处理相对产量总和的值均显著大于1(P<0.05);从不同混播种类来看,混6组合牧草产量、豆禾产量比、相对产量总和、粗蛋白质与粗脂肪收获量均高于其他混播种类;从不同混播比例来看,豆禾比5∶5有较高的豆禾产量比与中性洗涤纤维收获量,其相对产量总和在2个刈割时期呈上升趋势,而豆禾比3∶7有较高的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪全年收获量;含有红豆草的混播组合具有较高的茎叶比,第2次刈割能显著降低茎叶比,提高适口性。不同混播方式的生产性能高低不仅取决于牧草产量,还取决于牧草品质,但两者均受草群组分调控。

The sustainable management and production performance of legume-grass mixture were studied, and the forage yield, composition and quality in four legume-grass combinations： 6 species mixture, 5 species mixture, 4 species mixture, 3 species mixture at three seeding ratios： 5 ： 5, 4 ： 6, 3 ： 7 were measured. Forage yield, legume/grass yield ratios, stem-leaf ratio, relative yield （RY）, total rela rive yield （TRY） and yield of crude protein （YCP） , ether extract （EE） and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） were used to determine production performance under different legume-grass mixed sowing patterns. The results showed that it was significantly different between legume-grass mixture and monoculture in forage yield, YCP and EE （P〈0. 05）. The total of TRY of different mixed sowing patterns was significantly more than 1 in all mixed sowing patterns （P〈0.05）. Forage yield, legume/grass yield ratios, the total of TRY, CP yield and EE yield of mixed 6 species were higher than other mixed species. The legume/grass yield ratios, NDF yield at seeding rate of 5 ： 5 of legume ： grass were higher than other mixed sowing rate, and the total of TRY gradually increased from June 16 to September 1. The annual yield of CP and EE at sowing rate of 3 ： 7 of legume：grass were higher than other mixed sowing rate. The stem-leaf ratio of sainfoin （Orlobrychis wiciaefolia） in legume-grass mixture was higher than other mixed patterns. The stem-leaf ratio significantly dccreased in September 1 , and lhe second mowing may improve the palatability of forage. The production performance in different mixed sowing patterns depended on both forage yield and quality. And the forage yield and quality were regulated by composition of mixture community.