论西属美洲独立运动的意识形态根源

On Ideological Roots of Hispanic American Independence Movement

西属美洲独立运动的意识形态根源,不独为欧洲启蒙思想,还有西班牙中世纪经院哲学传统和克里奥尔民族主义,是三者的合流。启蒙思想的影响无疑是重要的,这种思想为独立运动提供了时髦的诠释和合法的外衣,但是,仅仅强调启蒙思想的影响则不足以解释西属美洲独立运动的保守性和独立之后保守派的长期存在。在西属美洲独立运动中,西班牙中世纪的经院哲学传统和克里奥尔民族主义发挥了一种更深层次的影响。三者的关系可以表述为:西班牙中世纪经院哲学传统是基础;克里奥尔民族主义是原动力;而欧洲启蒙思想是加速器。如果说启蒙思想解释了独立运动的革命性并成为独立之后自由派的指导思想的话,那么,后两者则解释了独立运动的保守性和独立后保守派长期存在的原因。

The ideology of Hispanic American Independence Movement stemmed from European Enlightenment thoughts,Spanish medieval scholastic philosophical tradition and Creole nationalism. European Enlightenment thoughts are undoubtedly important, and they provide fashionable interpretation and legality for the Independence Movement. However, they can't explain the conservative nature of the Movement and the long existence of the conservative party after independence. Compared with the Europeah Enlightenment thoughts,the Spanish medieval scholastic philosophical tradition and Creole nationalism exerted deeper influences on Hispanic American Independence Movement. The relationship among the three factors is as following: the basis was the Spanish medieval scholastic philosophical tradition, while the motive force was the Creole nationalism, with the European Enlightenment as the accelerator. The Enlightenment thoughts can explain the revolutionary nature of the Independence Movement and became the guiding ideology of the liberal party after independence; the latter two ideologies can provide interpretations of the conservative nature of the Independence Movement and the long existence of the conservative party after independence.