当代美国资本主义的失衡:表象、根源及影响——对斯蒂格利茨《自由市场的坠落》中社会失衡问题的分析

Manifestation,Root Cause and Effect of the Unbalance in Contemporary American Capitalism——An Analysis on the Social Unbalance in Stiglitz's Free Fall: America,Free Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy

斯蒂格利茨在《自由市场的坠落》一书中认为,美国金融与经济危机爆发的原因在于当代美国式资本主义失衡加剧,具体表现在市场作用和国家干预、个人主义和集体主义、人与自然、手段和目的之间的失衡达到了新的程度;危机表明至少美国这个特殊"版本"的资本主义系统存在根本缺陷。尽管认识到了这些失衡来源于系统的根本缺陷,但他没有说清楚根本缺陷是什么,并且认为经过变革可以修正资本主义系统。笔者认为,这些失衡仍是马克思阐述的资本主义基本矛盾,即生产的社会化和生产资料资本主义私人占有制这个根本失衡引发的;无论系统内部如何变革,都不能解决资本主义的失衡状态,结果只能是社会主义因素的逐步增长,并为未来社会主义的替代准备条件。

In his book Free Fall, Stiglitz argues that the cause of American financial and economic crisis lies with the aggravated unbalance of contemporary American capitalism, which is manifested in the new unbalances between market mechanism and state intervention, between individualism and collectivism, between man and nature, and between means and purpose. The crisis indicates that the American ＂version＂ of capitalist system is fundamentally problematic. Even though Stiglitz realizes that these unbalances have originated from the fundamental defects in the system itself, be does not clarify what those defects are. He considers that reform can modify capitalist system. This paper argues that the unbalances stem from the fundamental contradiction expounded by Karl Marx, namely the unbalance between the socialization of production and the capitalist private ownership of production material. No matter what reforms are made, the unbalances of capitalism cannot be resolved. There is a general trend that socialist factors are gradually on the rise, paving the way for replacement of capitalism by socialism.