缺陷、缺陷补偿与教育:一个哲学的审思

A Philosophical Reflection on Defect,Defect Compensation and Education

人的缺陷问题是认识残疾人的一个核心问题,也是特殊教育领域的一个核心概念。站在哲学的形上视域看,缺陷来自人的有限性的必然存在,残疾人的缺陷是人的缺陷绝对存在的一种相对形式或风格。缺陷的意识性存在是残疾人缺陷的真正所在。缺陷补偿是残疾人成长发展的必然方式,它不仅具有工具价值,而且与残疾人的成长具有一致性。缺陷补偿的可能来自人的生命自觉。精神补偿的核心价值就是给人以超越性,教育补偿主要通过培育超越信念、启发自我反思和体验式的生命关怀方式来实现。

Human defect is a key term in the understanding the disabled and a core concept in the field of special education. From the perspective of the metaphysics of philosophy, defect exists because of the inevitable existence of the human limitations and the defect of the disabled is a relative form or style of the inevitable existence of the human defect. Actually the defect in consciousness is the cause for the defect of the disabled. Defect compensation, necessary for the development of the disabled, is instrumental and corresponding with the growth of the disabled. The fulfillment of defect compensation may rely on human~ self- consciousness of life. The core value of mental compensation is to provide human beings with transcendence while educational compensation is achieved by the cultivation of a sense of transcendence, by the stimulation of self-reflection, and by the enjoyment of experience life care.