施肥对围隔中浮游纤毛虫种群动态的调控分析

Study on Fertilization to the Population Dynamics of Planktonic Ciliates in Low Salinity Control Enclosures

通过不同的施肥处理,对低盐度对虾养殖围隔环境中浮游纤毛虫群落结构动态变化进行了研究,共检测到浮游纤毛虫48种,分属于3纲、11目、37属;其中,寡毛目(Oligotrichida)8种,缘毛目(Peritrichida)7种,腹毛目(Hypotrichida)和盾纤目(Scuticociliatida)均为6种;优势种多为富营养化水体中的耐污性种类。不同施肥处理对纤毛虫的种群结构与动态变化影响显著,施肥量适宜且有机肥与无机肥混施的5号围隔及单施商品复合肥的7号、9号围隔纤毛虫种类较丰富,各次检测到纤毛虫种类的平均值为6.7种,种群密度分别为112.30、91.15、111.00个/mL,显著高于其它围隔。施有机肥培藻的围隔,纤毛虫较早出现,优势种始终是嗜污性比较强的纤毛虫。围隔中纤毛虫与藻类的密度变化趋势基本同步,前、后期低,中期高;纤毛虫种类丰富度变化为前、后期低,中期高,而藻类丰富度为前、后期高,中期低。研究结果为对虾的健康养殖及水体生态调控提供了理论依据。

The community structure and population dynamics of planktonic ciliates in controlled enclosure environment at low salinity levels were studied and analyzed.A total of 48 planktonic ciliates species were indentified,belonged to 3 classes,11 orders and 37 genera,including 8 species of oligotrichida,7 species of peritrichida,and 6 species of hypotrichida and scuticociliatida among them.The dominant species mostly enjoyed living in eutrophic water or were pollution-resistant species.Different treatment had significant effects on the community structure and population dynamics of planktonic ciliates.The proper fertilizer volume and of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer matches executes of 5 tank enclosures,and apply merchandise compound fertilizers alone of No.7 enclosures and No.9 enclosures,the planktonic ciliates species more abundant and with an average of 6.7 species of detectd each time,the population densities were 112.30,91.15 and 111.00 cells/mL,respectively.In the enclosure applied with organic fertilizer,the planktonic ciliates appeared earlier,the ciliates addicted to eutrophic water were the dominant species.The densities were lower in early and late periods and higher in intermediate period of planktonic ciliates and planktonic algae,and the diversity of planktonic ciliates of early and late periods was lower and intermediate period was higher,while that of planktonic algae was negative.The study provided the theoretical bases for healthy culture and ecological regulation and management of prawns.