中国油气排放控制现状与对策

China′s Oil and Gas Discharge Today and Countermeasures

汽油挥发除了会导致资源浪费、环境污染以及带来一定的安全隐患以外,还会对人体健康造成更加直接的危害。多数研究者的研究重点一般为油气排放控制技术,而对实际工作中遇到的问题较少关注。通过调研、测试加油站密闭性、油气回收系统液阻和气液比、加油站改造前后油气减排效果以及ISD运行状态,发现油气排放控制在我国开展过程中遇到的主要问题,一是在开展油气回收过程中,安装油气回收系统没有完全按照国家的技术标准执行;二是已安装的油气回收系统未在正常状态下运行。但即使安装的油气回收系统未完全在正常状态下运转,加油站的油气减排效果依然明显,这也说明在中国开展油气排放控制的必要性。现有油气排放技术标准已不适应当前的国情,缺乏对油气回收知识的系统认识以及管理不完善导致了目前的问题。建议修订GB20950—2007、GB20951—2007、GB20952—2007等3项技术标准;开展油气回收知识培训,杜绝人为操作不规范所导致的油气回收系统不能正常运转现象;根据汽油回收量给予企业一定的免税政策;加强油气回收科普知识宣传,提高全民油气回收的意识。

The volatilization of gasoline wastes resources, pollutes the environment,poses a potential safety hazard and has a direct injury to human health.Most researchers have focused their research on oil and gas discharge control technology and paid little attention to problems arising at work.This article identifies a series of problems met with in controlling oil and gas discharges in China by surveying and testing gas stations＇ tightness,the liquid resistance and gas-liquid ratio of oil and gas recovery systems,the effect of oil and gas discharge reduction measures for gas stations and ISD＇s operation state.The first major problem identiffed is that in oil and gas recovery,oil and gas recovery systems were not installed strictly in accordance with relevant national standards and the second major problem identified is that installed oil and gas recovery systems were not operating normally.However,even if installed oil and gas recovery systems do not operate quite normally,the oil and gas discharge reduction effect for gas stations is considerable.This has also highlighted the necessity of carrying out oil and gas discharge controls in China.The currently applicable oil and gas discharge technology standards have been unable to meet the actual conditions in China and the above said problems result from a lack of a systematic understanding of oil and gas recovery knowledge and imperfect management.The article suggests revising GB 20950--2007,GB 20951--2007 and GB 20952--2007 technical standards,holding trainings on oil and gas recovery knowledge to eliminate the abnormal operation of oil and gas recovery systems caused by inaccurate operations ,offering tax incentives for enterprises based on the volume of gasoline recovered and strengthening the publicity of knowledge about oil and gas recovery to raise public awareness of oil and gas recovery throughout the nation.