经济适用原则乃公共住宅的设计之源 香港早期公屋的设计特色初探

Affordability as the Inspiration of Design for Public Housing A Preliminary Study on the Design Characteristics of Early Public Housing in Hong Kong

公共住宅从本质上来说不是一个单纯的建筑问题,它是一个国家或社会为保障低收入家庭的最基本的居住条件而建立的一套社会福利制度。香港的公屋制度缘起于20世纪50年代初人口急剧增长、城市住房极度短缺以及社会贫穷问题日益激化的大环境。这些极端的条件激发建筑师的创造力,产生不平凡的设计。文章以香港早期的公屋发展为考察对象,以经济适用原则为基本线索,梳理香港公屋在场地策略、居住单元以及交通流线三个方面的设计特点。

Public housing, by nature, is not a purely architectural problem. It is a social welfare system sponsored by a state or society to provide basic living standards for lower income families. The public housing system in Hong Kong had its origin in responses to the dramatic expansion of urban population, desperate shortage of housing provision, and increasing level of social poverty in the early 1950s. These extreme conditions inspired the architect＇s creativity and produced extraordinary designs. Taking the early development of Hong Kong＇s public housing as the subject of study, this article is the first ever attempt to identify the design characteristics of Hong Kong＇s public housing under the principle of affordability, namely, site strategy, unit formation, and its circulation system.