多效唑和乙烯利处理对芒果花期的影响

Effect of Paclobutrazol and Ethephon Treatment on Mango Flowering Period

[目的]调整芒果产期,以稳定芒果市场,增加果农收益。[方法]选用海南2个主要栽培当家种台农1号芒、金煌芒作为参试材料,在2005~2009年对2个品种分7个时段进行多效唑和乙烯利叶面喷施控梢处理,分析其对芒果花期的影响。[结果]芒果提早剪枝,喷施多效唑和乙烯利混合液时间提早、处理时间长、控梢次数多、控梢量足,枝梢老熟快,花芽分化早,抽穗开花（花期）提早,反之,花期推迟;芒果控梢有效方法：前期轻控（不伤害嫩芽、嫩梢）,中期重控（促进枝梢提前老熟,提早花芽分化）,后期轻控、薄控（诱导开花）。采用这种控梢方法7个时段处理的台农1号芒、金煌芒在9~11月催花均能整齐开花。[结论]获得了多效唑和乙烯利叶面控梢处理对诱导芒果提早或推迟开花的规律。

[Objective]The mango production cycle would be adjusted through the experiment in order to stabilize mango market and to increase farmers＇ income.[Method]The impact of the treatment of the branch tip growth-controlling of 2 leading mango varieties in Hainan：Tainung No.1 and Jinhuangmo,which was sprayed with the paclobutrazol and ethephon as foliar fertilizer in seven growth times,on mango flowering period was analyzed.[Result] The early mango-pruning,early spraying of the mixture of paclobutrazol and ethephon,the long processing time,many more times of its branch tip growth-controlling treatment,enough control of its branch tip growth,the fast old and mature of shoot,the early differentiation of flower bud resulted in its early heading and flowering period,and conversely,delayed its flowering period.The effective way to control mango branch tip growth was： the light control of its growth in the early period of mango growth,which would never damage bud and young branch;in meddle period of mango growth the measure of heavy control of its growth should be done for the promotion of earlier maturity of branch so that the differentiation of flower bud could be earlier;and in the late period of its growth period the light control could be beneficial to its flowering.The technical measure of mango branch tip growth-controlling in its 7 different growth periods could promote the even flowering time of Tainung No.1 and Jinhuangmo in Sept.and Nov.[Conclusion] The rule of mango flowering after the treatment of paclobutrazol and ethephon as foliar fertilizer was mastered.