从文化帝国主义到文化转移——以美国文学艺术中的三个典型东方女性为例

From Cultural Imperialism to Transculturation——On Three Typical Oriental Female Images in American Literature

西方在文化上一直推行东方主义,东方女性被双倍地他者化,其形象长期以来一成不变地固定在一些消极的角色中,但我们不能只看到其中的单向权力运作关系,忽略东方自身的能动性。全球化带来的一个重要影响就是文化转移,对于美国文学中三个典型的东方女性形象:宝嘉康蒂、巧巧桑和花木兰来说,正体现了西方在不同历史阶段对东方实行的不同文化霸权,东西方之间正从文化帝国主义向文化转移过渡。

Orientalism is popular in western cultues, in which eastern females are double otherized and has long been stereo- typed into some passive roles. But we shall not just focus on the single-way relationship in the operation of power, and ignore the subjective initiative of the east. One of the most important consequences of the globalization is transliteration. In this paper, I will analyze how the west carries on cultural hegemony in different times, by comparing three typical eastern female images, Pocahontus, Cio-Cio-San, and Mulan , then clarify west-eastern relationship is moved from hegemony to transeuhuration.