从农村公共基础设施变迁看未来农村公共投资方向

Trends on Public Infrastructure and Public Investment Priority in Rural China

使用101个样本村的3期面板数据和2007年2000户农户的截面数据,本文在详细描述样本地区农村公共基础设施变迁的同时,结合村民对当前公共服务的满意程度和投资意愿,系统地讨论了今后农村公共基础设施建设过程中需要着重注意和解决的问题。研究结果表明,大多数农村村级公共基础设施在最近10年有显著的改善,然而不同类型公共基础设施的改善程度有所不同,很多基础设施仍难以满足村民的需要。结合村级公共基础设施的变迁以及农民对农村公共服务的满意程度和投资意愿,今后农村公共投资需要继续投放于道路、灌溉和饮用水等领域。在投资区域上,国家需要进一步加大对贫困农村地区的扶持和补贴力度,同时进一步理顺公共服务投资体制和提供机制。在道路投资领域需要重点关注乡村道路,村组道路的硬化工作和田间生产和机耕道路的改善;在灌溉投资领域需要加强农村灌溉水源清淤和灌溉渠系的维护和防渗防漏工程建设;在饮用水领域需要为那些存在饮用水质量安全隐患的农户寻找新的水源,鼓励和引导村民使用过滤消毒设施,逐步将分户供水转化为集中统一供水。

Using panel data of 101 villages and cross-section data from 2000 households,this paper documents the trends of rural public infrastructure in sample villages and the willingness to invest by sample households in public projects.With this information,the paper then discusses the priority of public investment in the future.The public infrastructure of sample villages shows that most of the public infrastructure had been improved greatly in the past 10 years,although some of public services still failed to meet the demand of rural residents.According to the development trends in road,irrigation,drinking water and other public infrastructure,and the satisfaction and willingness to invest by rural residents on public infrastructure,this paper demonstrates that roads,irrigation and drinking water are priority in rural investment in the future.Road investment should focus on the improvement of roads between groups,and the irrigation shouldbe invested on the desilting of water sources and to paved canals with cement mortar,while drinking water project can focus on the improvement of water quality by means of the use of deep ground water,filter and sterilization facilities.