侵蚀果园长期植草的生态效益分析

Soil & Water Conservation Function and Comprehensive Benefits of Intercropping Forage in Eroded Fruit Garden

针对山地果园不合理开发引发的土壤侵蚀和土壤退化问题,将适生牧草套种于幼龄侵蚀果园,开展水土流失、土壤肥力及果树生长的定位观测。结果表明:套种平托花生(Arachis pintoi)、圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundi-folia)1～12年,年地面径流系数0～0.0136,均值为0.007左右,仅为清耕处理的1/10,基本无土壤侵蚀发生;套种11年,套种区0～30 cm土层的土壤pH值比清耕分别提高0.25～0.30个单位,0～15 cm土层土壤有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷质量分数比清耕提高7.595～6.728 g.kg-1,26.84～31.89 mg.kg-1,3.57～4.62 mg.kg-1;轻组有机碳质量分数在0～30 cm土层呈套种平托花生>套种圆叶决明>清耕的变化趋势,重组有机碳质量分数在0～15cm土层亦呈相同变化趋势。套种处理有助改善果肉糖酸比和商品果率,牧草综合利用可明显提升果园建园初期的经济效益,尽管套种处理给果树带来一定的减产。

To solve problems of soil water loss with soil degradation effects of long-term intercropping forage on erosion fruit garden was observed and studied.Results showed that runoff coefficient of intercropping plots was 0.007 equivalent to 10% that of clean-tillage plots from 1 to 12 years.Soil erosion was not nearly found in intercropping plots.After 11 years intercropping,soil quality was obviously improved.The pH of soil（0~30 cm） in intercropping plots increased 0.25~0.30 unit more than that in clean-tillage plots.The organic carbon content,available N content,available P content of soil（0~15 cm） in intercropping plots increased 7.595~6.728 g·kg-1,26.84~31.89 mg·kg-1,3.57~4.62 mg·kg-1 over that in clean-tillage plots,respectively.The organic carbon contents of both soil light fraction（0~30 cm layer） and soil heavy fraction（0~15 cm layer） in intercropping Arachis pintoi were higher than that in intercropping Chamaecrista rotundifolia,with the lowest in clean-tillage.Intercropping forage in erosion fruit gardens increase commercial fruit rate,fruit tasty value,and benefit forage comprehensive utilization,although it may cause slight yield loss of fruit trees.