心理学中可能自我的研究述评

A Psychological Review on the Possible Selves

可能自我是个体对未来自我的认知表征,对可能自我的理解存在过宽或过窄两种偏向。现有理论将可能自我划分为6个维度,可能自我具有正、负效价,对个体行为具有动机作用,其发挥与行为策略、社会认同及平衡可能自我有关。可能自我源自过去自我和现在自我,又借助归因参与对过去自我和现在自我的重构。可能自我与个体的自我图式、社会资本及生活于其中的社会文化密切相关。对可能自我的研究主要采用问卷法、Q分类法、访谈法及参与性生活故事法。已知可能自我对个体的学业、体态和健康具有重要作用。

Possible selves represent individuals＇ ideas of what they might become,what they would like to become,and what they are afraid of becoming.But there appear to be a number of common misinterpretations（too broad and too narrow） regarding the original definition of possible selves.Possible selves includes 6 dimensions and is valenced,that is,positive possible selves and negative possible selves.Possible selves functions as incentives for future behavior and as evaluative and interpretive context for past selves and current selves,and relates to self-schema,social capital and culture,and is applied to academic,body and health.Questionnaires,Q-Methodology,interviews and anticipated life story measures are usually adopted by most researchers.At last,it discusses some questions and predicts the future orientation.