广州市新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫远期效果分析

Analysis of long-term immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine for newborns in Guangzhou city

目的探讨新生儿接种乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗后远期免疫效果及其相关影响因素。方法在广东省广州市范围内按照多阶段分层整群抽样法抽取1~19岁已接种乙肝疫苗对象,检测HBsAg、抗-HBs,并进行统计分析。结果随免疫后时间推移HBsAg阳性率上升,但并非是因年龄增长抗-HBs下降而造成HBsAg阳性率上升;Logistic回归分析显示,抗-HBs与基础免疫1年内、5年进行加强免疫、加强免疫剂量呈正相关;2岁内曾进行加强免疫者HBsAg均阴性。结论对1~2岁抗-HBs阴性者及时补种乙肝疫苗是控制免疫儿童随年龄增长HBsAg阳性率升高的重要措施。

Objective To analyze long-term immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine（HepB） and its influence factors in newborns.Methods With multistage randomized cluster sampling,a cross sectional study was carried out in 1-19 years old persons vaccinated with HepB in Guangzhou.Blood samples of the subjects were collected and then tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The HBsAg positive rate increased with time after HepB vaccination but the increase was not correlated to the decrease of anti-HBs.Logistic regression analyses showed that booster immunization of HepB（1 year and 6 years after primary immunization） and its dosage were positively associated with anti-HBs.HBsAg was negative in all of the people having been booster immuned at age 1 to 2 years.Conclusion Booster immunization of HepB in children under 2 years old and negative for anti-HBs is an important measure to control the increase of HBsAg positive rate.