贵州省普定县不同植被演替阶段的物种组成与群落结构特征

Species composition and community structure at different vegetation successional stages in Puding,Guizhou Province,China

通过对贵州省普定县喀斯特地区不同植被演替阶段群落的调查,研究了植被演替过程中群落物种组成和群落结构的变化。结果表明,该地区的植被主要处于5个演替阶段,即次生乔木林、乔灌过渡林、藤刺灌丛、稀灌草丛以及火烧干扰后的蕨类植物群落。本次调查共记录到植物365种,隶属89科218属。其中,蕨类植物31种,隶属14科23属;种子植物334种,隶属75科195属。物种分布较多的科主要有蔷薇科、菊科、禾本科、百合科、忍冬科、唇形科、莎草科、樟科、葡萄科和水龙骨科。随着正向演替的推进,物种丰富度增加,群落结构趋于复杂化。藤刺灌丛与乔灌过渡林群落层次不明显,次生乔木林分层明显。从藤刺灌丛向次生乔木林演替的过程中,小径级个体所占比例明显降低,高于1.3 m植物的总密度、乔木密度和藤本密度都先升高后降低,而灌木密度呈逐渐降低的趋势。对喀斯特地区植被的恢复提出了参考措施。

Aims Information on the species composition and community structure of vegetation at different successional stages is useful for understanding successional mechanisms and for selecting species for vegetation recovery. Our objective is to describe the dynamics of species composition and community structure during vegetation succession in a karst area of China. Methods We collected plant community data from 33 plots in different successional stages at an ecological research station in Puding, Guizhou and statistically analyzed the data. Important findings We recorded 365 plant species belonging to 218 genera and 89 families. Included were 31 species of ferns belonging to 23 genera and 14 families and 334 species of seed plants belonging to 195 genera and 75 families. No gymnosperm species was recorded. The dominant families included Rosaceae, Compositae, Poaceae, Liliaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Labiatae, Cyperaceae, Lauraceae, Vitaceae and Polypodiaceae. We found five successional stages （fern caused by fire disturbance, thin shrub-grassland, shrub, forest-shrub transition and forest communities）. During the successional process, species richness increased and community structure tended to become more complex. The shrub and forest-shrub transition communities were not stratified, but the forest com- munity was. From shrub to forest, the proportion of individuals with small diameters gradually decreased. The total, tree and liana density of woody plant taller than 1.3 m first increased and then decreased. Shrub density gradually decreased. Methods of vegetation restoration in karst areas are included.