基于地理信息系统的何首乌地理分布及分布区的生境特征研究

Study on the Geographic Distribution and Ecological Environmental Characteristics of Polygonum multiflorum Based on GIS

目的:借助地理信息系统(GTS)研究何首乌在中国的地理分布以及分布区的生境特征,为何首乌资源的保护和人工栽培提供参考。方法:建立何首乌分布区数据库,在ArcGIS9.3软件中制作何首乌分布区的县界多边形电子地图,结合中国地貌、土壤和植被图运用多边形叠加分析的方法提取何首乌分布区的地貌、土壤和植被类型。采用频数分布统计法研究何首乌分布区的气候特征。结果:何首乌资源分布区有90%的县市的年平均气温在13～22℃,有85%的县市的年均日照时数在1100～2300h,77%的县市的年均降水量在800～1600mm;66%的面积处于2000m以下的中低海拔地区,土壤以红壤、黄壤为主,植被类型主要是灌丛和矮林。结论:借助GIS技术进行何首乌生态环境特征分析,方便快捷、可靠,可为何首乌资源的保护和人工栽培提供参考。

OBJECTIVE： To study the geographic distribution and ecological environmental characteristics of Polygonum multi- florum by using GIS, and to provide reference for the protection and cultivation of P multiflorum. METHODS ： Database of the geographic distribution of P multiflorum was established, county boundary polygon digital maps of the distribution of P. multiflorum was drew up using ArcGIS9.3 software. The geomorphic types, soil types and vegetation types of the distribution area were extracted from digital maps by using the polygon overlay analysis. The climatic characteristics of the distribution area of P multiflo- rum were studied using frequency distribution statistics. RESULTS： The annual average temperature in 90% of the distribution area was in the range of 13422℃, the average annual sunshine hour in 85% of the distribution area was in the range of 1 100-2 300 h, the average annual precipitation in 77 % of the distribution area was in the range of 800- 1 600 nun; 66% of the distribution area were located at low-middle altitude mountain areas below 2 000 m. The main soil types were red soil and yellow soil. The main vegetation type was shrub and coppice. CONCLUSION： The analysis of ecological environmental characteristics of P. multiflorum is convenient, rapid and reliable based on GIS. The results can provide references for the protection and cultivation of P multiflorum.