广州市副溶血性弧菌食物中毒特征性分析

Characterization of food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Guangzhou city

目的研究广州市副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)食物中毒流行病学特征,为中毒诊断及控制提供科学依据。方法对广州市1997—2007年副溶血性弧菌食物中毒事故报告登记表和中毒样品的检验结果进行统计分析。结果 VP食物中毒有逐年上升趋势;共发生97起,中毒人数2 201人,无死亡病例,VP中毒起数和人数分别占同期微生物性食物中毒的35.66%和35.51%,罹患率为18.40%;高发时间是第二、三季度(5—10月份);中毒原因主要是食品生熟交叉污染;熟肉制品、水产品为主要中毒食物;潜伏期为7～23 h(平均15 h),腹部阵发性绞痛为首发症状,继发腹泻、呕吐,小部分中毒者有轻中度发热;菌株血清分型以O3∶K6为主(占66.67%)。结论 VP是广州市食物中毒的主要致病因素,有必要完善食源性疾病及其致病菌的监测。

Objective To provide scientific evidence of diagnosing food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus（VP） to reduce the infection risks in Guangzhou.Methods A retrospective analysis of epidemiology characteristics was conducted on analyzing the Case Report Forms and Individual Registration Forms reported from food poisoning accidents in the years 1997—2007 in Guangzhou.Results The incidence rate of food poisoning caused by VP was increasing yearly.There were 97 food poisoning outbreaks caused by VP infection,accounted for 35.66% of total food poisoning events;2 201 people were poisoned,accounted for 35.51% of total food poisoning victims and 18.40% of the morbidity rate;but no death.The peak time of morbidity was in the second and the third quarter of a year（between May and October）.The common reason of food poisoning caused by VP infection was cross-contamination of raw food with cooked food;the main poisoned foods were cooked meats and aquatic products;the incubation period was 7 to 23 h（average of 15 h）;the predominant clinical symptom was paroxysmal abdominal pain,the second symptoms were diarrhea and nausea,and some victims might have mild to moderate fever.The average detection rate of VP in seafood was 13.84%,the highest positive rate detected in aquatic products was in the third Quarter of the year;no dominant types were found either by molecular typing of VP or serotyping on samples collected from victims.The main serotype of poisoning strains was O3∶ K6,accounted for 66.67 % of all samples.Conclusion VP is the main pathogenic factor causing food poisoning in Guangzhou.It is necessary to improve the surveillance on foodborne diseases and relative pathogens.