美国中文教学面临的挑战与对应策略

Challenges and Changes in Teaching Chinese as A Second Language in the USA

本文探讨中文作为外语教学所面临的四项挑战:学生的多元背景与不同需求、生源发展的不稳定性、对新师资力量培训的紧迫性及中文课程在美国初、中、高等教育中的衔接不利。本文在分析挑战背景的基础上继而提出应对措施:一个中心,两项重点。"一个中心"即以学生为中心,强调互动的原则、博采众长的途径,鼓励学生的积极参与、合作学习。"两项重点"为:培养语言使用的能力和学习策略的使用能力。前者从情景出发,以意义协商为内容,以语言的形式为重点,把语境、功能和形式融为一体。对后者的培养要与汉语的特征和习得过程结合起来。

The present study analyzes the challenges confronting teachers in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.They include：1） multiple backgrounds of learners in socio-ethnic,cultural,and motivational diversity;2） enrollment retention and sustainment of Chinese education development;3） teacher training;and 4） K-16 articulation across different academic institutions.The study proposes changes and strategies to meet challenges and accommodate learners＇ needs.Changes should not only be at the theoretical level but also at the level of classroom practice.Student-centered curriculum,form-focused instruction,and meaning-driven class activities help learners develop form-function-context mappings in an interactive classroom where language use,cognitive,and meta-cognitive skills are emphasized and practiced.