“实在”句的语义格局和对外教学探讨

The Semantic Patterns of Shízài Sentence and How to Teach Them

肯定"实在"句和否定"实在"句的成句条件、语义格局有明显不同。肯定"实在"句语义格局可概括为:实在p,其中p具有程度性,"实在"主观提升p的程度。否定"实在"句语义格局有两种:1)实在-p,其中-p具有程度性,"实在"主观提升-p程度。2)(本来希望p,但)实在-p,表达了"愿而不能"的反预期意义。"实在"的基本意义是确定命题真实性,确信义是编码意义;加强义和反预期意义处于一般会话含义层面,是语义—语用界面现象。论文提出以最典型语言格式对肯定"实在"句和否定"实在"句分开教学的建议。

The affirmative and negative forms of the shízài（实在） sentence are different the condition of formation and in semantic pattern.The semantic pattern of the affirmative form can be summarized as：＇shízài p＇,in which p indicates degree,while shízài is used to increase subjectively of p.There are two semantic patterns for the negative form：1） ＇shízài-p＇,in which-p denotes degree,while shízài increases subjectively the degree of-p,and 2）＇（It was formerly expected p,but） shízài-p＇.The latter pattern expresses the unexpected meaning of ＇be willing to but can not＇.The basic meaning of shízài is to express certainty of a proposition,which is the coded meaning,while intensification and unexpectation belong to the general conversational implicature,which are phenomena of semantic-pragmatic interface.It is suggested the affirmative form and the negative form of the shízài sentence should be taught separately starting with the most typical patterns.